[CUPPING: the practice of observing the tastes and aromas of brewed coffee.]
[THE CUP: noted characteristics from the cupping.]
ACIDIC/ACIDY/[ACIDITY]: [A GOOD CHARACTERISTIC. This is often viewed negatively because of the connotations of “acid”, but this is a sought after quality. It] describes a coffee that is felt particularly on the back sides of the tongue. A synonym is "biting". Higher acidy coffees typically have more flavor.
AROMATIC: Describes coffees that have a very noticeable scent. Because the sense of taste and the sense of smell are so closely related, the presence of a powerful, evocative aroma can really enhance the experience of a great coffee. Many exceptional coffees do not have a notable aromatic quality, while others, when brewed, pervade a room with the desire to drink coffee. Connoisseurs claim they can sometimes detect the odor of vegetation that grew near the coffee varietal(s) they are tasting.
BIG: Describes coffee with a full to heavy body.
BITING: Describes a coffee that is high in acid content.
BITTER: Similar to sour. Bitter-tasting coffees taste as they due usually because they have been cooked or brought to a high temperature after brew. Bitter coffees taste sour on the top front of the tongue.
BODY: Starts with a light "thin" mouthfeel and progresses to a full-bodied, "heavy" mouthfeel.
CHOCOLATY: Describes a coffee with deep undertones, usually creamy and not ever bitter.
COMPLEX: A coffee that contains many taste characteristics. Cupping such a coffee is an experience for connoisseurs who like to distill different characteristics from one and the same brew.
CREAMY: Note: this does not mean that the coffee has cream in it. This is a characteristic of coffees, usually pressure brewed, whose acidity is cut by its own natural sugars. A visible characteristic of some creamy coffees is the actual crema that appears on the surface.
CREMA: Crema is a caramel or golden colored layer that forms on top of pressure-brewed coffee and espresso. The nature of a crema is complex and even contentious, but in general, it can be called an emulsion or a colloid. Both of these terms describe a substance that is really two things in one: dispersed gases in a liquid, in the case of crema. The gases get pressurized into the liquid during a high-pressure brew, and a thick, golden crema is the sign of a properly brewed espresso or crema coffee.
DEEP: Describes a flavorful coffee with a pleasant, rich aftertaste. SYN: complex.
DRY: As in wine, a dry coffee is one that is not sweet, [which often can allow the natural flavors to come through. Most of the Kenyan coffees have a winey characteristic, and they are one of the most desirable specialty coffees in the world]. Note, however, that this does not mean any coffee without sugar added to it. Sweetness is a property that some coffees have naturally, but the sweetness is relatively insipid and never overwhelming.
EVEN: Describes a smooth coffee that has no one flavor attribute that outdoes the others.
FRUITY: Not to be confused with "sweet", this term describes coffee beans that have snappy, berry-like notes. The varietals that are most often rightly described this way are African.
FULL: Describes a coffee whose body is almost heavy, but not overwhelmingly so. Full-bodied coffees are satisfying and pleasant.
HEAVY: Describes a coffee whose body is dense or weighty in the mouth. Compare to a coffee whose body is "thin".
MEDIUM: Describes the flavor of a coffee that is neither mild nor rich.
MILD: Describes a coffee with the least strong of flavors.
MOUTHFEEL: Describes how heavy or dense the coffee is on the tongue; a measure of body.
[PEPPER/PEPPERY: Describes an acidy quality that is spicy and distinct. Note: not to be mistaken as an overwhelming or bad quality. It typically adds a nice brightening complexity to the cup.]
[SHB (Strictly Hard Bean): Coffee grown above 4,500 feet. The higher the altitude, the slower the beans mature, making them harder and denser than other beans. This invariably makes the beans more desirable as the maturing process allows for the bean to get rid of imperfections. These are ‘sanctified’ beans.]
SNAPPY: A difficult characteristic to describe; these coffees have a distinct but not unpleasant "zing" that hits the back top or middle of the tongue. Tanzanian Peaberry is an example of such a coffee.
SMOOTH: Describes a coffee that is neither bitter nor sour. Yet its positive characteristics are not overwhelming either. Smooth coffees are generally not terribly complex.
SPICY: Describes coffees that appear to have the presence of spice in them.
RFA: (Rainforest Alliance) Go to: http://www.rainforest-alliance.org/ “The Rainforest Alliance works to conserve biodiversity and ensure sustainable livelihoods by transforming land-use practices, business practices and consumer behavior.”
RICH: Describes a coffee that has a full body and deep flavor traits.
ROASTY: Usually describes dark-roasted coffees with a strong flavor.
ROBUST: Describes a coffee that is "Big", very full bodies. Not to be confused with "Robusta".
SMOKY: Not to be confused with "burnt", smoky is often a positive attribute of coffees that have a woody flavor.
SWEET: Not literal. This characteristic describes unadulterated coffees that have a naturally sweet characteristic. However, given that fresh brewed coffees generally have zero calories, this term is rarely used correctly, and should be preceded by the word "almost".